Formula: Number of Doses = (Vial Size in mg × Usable Volume %) ÷ Single Dose in mg. Example: 10mg vial with 90% usable yield and 0.5mg doses = (10 × 0.9) ÷ 0.5 = 18 doses. Usable volume % accounts for dead space (typically 85-95% depending on vial size).
USP yield calculations provide waste factor standards.